Maja Ratkje

身兼前衛(wèi)演唱家、即興演奏家、實(shí)驗(yàn)電子樂(lè)手及作曲家于一身的Maja Ratkje（全名，Maja Solveig Kjelstrup Ratkje），于挪威廠牌Rune Grammofon出版、德國(guó)ECM發(fā)行的專輯“Voice”獲2003年奧地利Prix Ars Electronica大獎(jiǎng)。多年來(lái)其創(chuàng)作的作品被奧斯陸室內(nèi)樂(lè)團(tuán)、挪威電臺(tái)交響樂(lè)團(tuán)，先鋒女子四重奏SPUNK，爵士三重奏POING等多組挪威著名樂(lè)團(tuán)演繹。除了SPUNK，Maja同時(shí)擔(dān)任著多個(gè)創(chuàng)作計(jì)劃的主要成員：SPUNK的分支、電聲女子二重奏Fe-Mail，與風(fēng)琴手Frode Haltli的二重奏，以及在Jazzkammer協(xié)助下的人聲/電聲獨(dú)奏計(jì)劃等等。
1973年出生于挪威中部城市特隆赫姆，祖父是交響樂(lè)團(tuán)的小提琴手，Maja從4、5歲時(shí)已開(kāi)始接受小提琴，鋼琴和唱歌等訓(xùn)練。1995年，入讀奧斯陸挪威音樂(lè)學(xué)院，師從Olav Anton Thommessen、Lasse Thoresen等挪威新一代作曲家及教授，1999年加入IRCAM科技音樂(lè)空間的夏季學(xué)院，受德國(guó)先鋒作曲家Karlheinz Stockhausen感染，開(kāi)始進(jìn)入當(dāng)代音樂(lè)的創(chuàng)作，并由此啟發(fā)日后將采樣與電聲加入其創(chuàng)作與演奏當(dāng)中。在音樂(lè)學(xué)院，Maja與Hild Sofie Tafjord等其余三名女同學(xué)組成了SPUNK，致力原聲樂(lè)器的即興演奏。在此之前，Maja自言總是找不到傳統(tǒng)作曲技巧和即興音樂(lè)之間的邊界，甚至總有被限制寫(xiě)作的感覺(jué)。SPUNK，便儼然成了Maja逃離傳統(tǒng)作曲思維的避難所，身處其中，她更懂得何謂“瞬間的創(chuàng)作”。
現(xiàn)時(shí)的Maja既出入于莊嚴(yán)肅靜的古典音樂(lè)殿堂，演奏受著日本文化影響而創(chuàng)作的新古典獲獎(jiǎng)曲目《Waves IIb》、《Gagakuvariations》等，也用她的二重奏Fe-Mail實(shí)踐噪音和實(shí)驗(yàn)電聲之間的接軌。而在大眾的眼中，先鋒即興四重奏SPUNK才是Maja最值得自豪的據(jù)點(diǎn)，因?yàn)檫@展示的不獨(dú)是她個(gè)人的創(chuàng)作力，而是團(tuán)隊(duì)的。在SPUNK里，她的創(chuàng)作力有了一個(gè)更固定的位置，而從SPUNK她也延伸出更多不同的領(lǐng)域，有別于傳統(tǒng)作曲與即興創(chuàng)作之間更廣闊的空間。“無(wú)論作任何的音樂(lè)嘗試，背后都有我個(gè)人的審美觀所在”，Maja如是說(shuō)。
2003年秋天，奧斯陸Ultima音樂(lè)節(jié)上演奏的作品《No title performance and sparkling water》便是一例。在那屆音樂(lè)節(jié)上，SPUNK同時(shí)扮演著演奏家、演員、歌手、影象藝術(shù)家等多個(gè)角色，帶來(lái)的是一部多媒體的音樂(lè)戲劇作品。至于她首張獨(dú)奏專輯“Voice”又是另外一個(gè)例子，“當(dāng)我在制作‘Voice’期間，我收集了不少即興的聲音作為素材，在這基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行作曲，編曲，和加入自己的人聲作為音源。我把這張專輯里的每一首作品都當(dāng)作是一部單一的樂(lè)章，它們反映的是我的聲音在不同的情況下的反應(yīng)。”
Maja把聲音根據(jù)她喜歡的風(fēng)格和形式混合重組，結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)作曲、即興噪音，和即時(shí)的想法最終做出計(jì)劃里的音樂(lè)。在“Voice”里出現(xiàn)的聲音遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)我們所能聽(tīng)到的，連被撥弄的錄音器材發(fā)出的滴答聲也被收錄當(dāng)中，成為聲音的一部份，它就好比一本聲音日記。Maja坦言從來(lái)不介意被固定行程，挑戰(zhàn)只在于如何開(kāi)辟一條新的道路。
作為挪威當(dāng)代最重要的作曲家、音樂(lè)家之一，Maja多年來(lái)一直活躍在包括音樂(lè)創(chuàng)作、藝術(shù)活動(dòng)策劃、講座、研討會(huì)等眾多領(lǐng)域。其所獲得的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)包括兩度榮獲挪威Edvard大獎(jiǎng)，即年度最佳作品獎(jiǎng)；2001年Arne Nordheim大獎(jiǎng)（Arne Nordheim是近三十年里挪威最偉大的作曲家之一），她是首位挪威音樂(lè)家獲得此殊榮；2001年她為薩克斯風(fēng)和電聲創(chuàng)作的作品《Sinus Seduction (moods two)》在以意大利未來(lái)主義者Luigi Russolo命名的大賽中獲第二名；......。
多年來(lái)，Maja與眾多國(guó)際級(jí)實(shí)驗(yàn)樂(lè)手均有合作，風(fēng)格橫跨當(dāng)代古典、自由爵士、實(shí)驗(yàn)電音、噪音、劇場(chǎng)舞蹈、詩(shī)歌、電影配樂(lè)，他們包括：奧斯陸Industrial Ensemble、Evan Parker、Paal Nilssen-Love、Merzbow、Zbigniew Karkowski、松原幸子等，及為冰島導(dǎo)演Hjalmar Ragnarsson的電影擔(dān)任配樂(lè)并獻(xiàn)聲。而她與Jazzkammer成員Lasse Marhaug帶來(lái)的三張精彩的概念性專輯“Music for faking”“Music for loving”“Music for shopping”亦相當(dāng)值得留意。
現(xiàn)時(shí)Maja創(chuàng)作和演奏的作品可見(jiàn)于ECM、Rune Grammofon、Albedo、Aurora、Important等唱片公司的出版。而Maja亦一直周游列國(guó)式地在多個(gè)國(guó)家作巡回演出。
Composer of orchestral works, composer of electro-acoustic works, opera performer, free improviser, and experimental electronica artist: Maja Ratkje was able to claim all these titles before her 30th birthday. The Norwegian singer has been active on many fronts since the mid-'90s, winning composition prizes in her home country before starting to build an international reputation, first as part of the all-female free improv quartet Spunk, then as a solo artist. Her first solo album, simply titled Voice, came out in late 2002. Her experimental singing has been compared to Jaap Blonk and Phil Minton, although her use of electronics and theremin in her performances set her apart. Maja Solveig Kjelstrup Ratkje (born December 29, 1973) studied composition at the Norwegian State Academy of Music in the early to mid-'90s. She also had lessons with Louis Andriessen, Sofia Gubaildulina, and Richard Barrett, among others. She began her professional career as a composer of modern vocal and orchestral works. Active in local young composers' circles, she dipped her toes in a graduate-level teaching career. She has won international prizes, including second prize at the 2001 Luigi Russolo electro-acoustic music competition for a piece for saxophone and electronics ("Sinus Seduction"), and the Arne Nordheim Prize (also in 2001). Her orchestral works have been performed and recorded by the Oslo Sinfonietta and Frode Haltli, among others. Meanwhile, Ratkje developed a parallel career in free improv. In 1995, she formed the quartet Spunk with a few schoolmates. The group's playful approach to improvisation attracted attention and in 1999 the label, Rune Grammofon, soon became one of Scandinavia's leading experimental imprints, releasing Spunk's first album Det Eneste Jeg Vet Er At Det Ikke Er En Støvsuger. It garnered favorable reviews from the specialized press and soon the group began to attract a small international fan base. Ratkje spent the summer of 1999 at the IRCAM electronic studios in Paris. Back home she began to integrate real-time sampling and electronics into her performances and to work with computer processing in the studio. At a workshop by Otomo Yoshihide, she met the noise duo Jazzkammer and they struck up a friendship. Ratkje contributed to a Jazzkammer remix project (Rolex) and started a duo project with Lasse Marhaug. In turn, the duo co-produced her first solo CD, Voice. The latter came out in 2002, a few months after Spunk's critically acclaimed second album Den Øverste Toppen På en Blåmalt Flaggstang. The group remains her primary performing project, but she also tours with Frode Haltli and has recorded with experimental vocalist Jaap Blonk. Fe-Mail is a noise spin-off project with Spunk's Hild Sofie Tafjord; their first album, Syklubb Fra Haelvete, came out in late 2002.